Egypt, renowned for its ancient civilization, is now attracting expatriates seeking new opportunities in a vibrant and intrepid environment. With its rich history and diverse culture, Egypt has become a favoured destination for individuals ranging from entrepreneurs to teachers to digital nomads, with approximately 544,000 expats currently calling it home.
One of the most appealing aspects for expats is the significantly lower cost of living compared to many other parts of the world. This makes Egypt an attractive choice for those looking to establish themselves in a new country without breaking the bank.
Despite not experiencing the rapid development seen in some other nations, Egypt boasts a stable economy that continues to attract investment. Since 1968, the country has maintained consistent GDP growth, ranging from 3–6% year-on-year. This growth can be attributed to Egypt’s transition from an industrial-agricultural economy to one centred around services, which now contribute nearly 50% to its GDP.
Egypt offers expatriates a unique blend of opportunity, affordability, and stability, making it an increasingly popular choice for those seeking to embark on a new chapter in their lives.
Cost of Living in Egypt
The cost of living in Egypt varies depending on factors such as location and lifestyle. For a family of four, the estimated monthly expenses, excluding rent, total approximately $1,079.9 or 50,642.6 EG£. This amount covers basic necessities such as food, transportation, utilities, and entertainment.
For a single person, the estimated monthly expenses, excluding rent, amount to around $307.9 or 14,438.3 EG£. This includes similar expenses tailored to a single individual’s needs. It’s important to note that these figures serve as estimates and can fluctuate based on personal spending habits and individual circumstances.
| Apartment Type | Rent Per Month |
| 1 bedroom Apartment (in City Centre) | 159.12$ |
| 1 bedroom Apartment (Outside of Centre) | 101.64$ |
| 3 bedrooms Apartment (in City Centre) | 272.17$ |
| 3 bedrooms Apartment (Outside of Centre) | 203.56$ |
| Utilities | Monthly Cost |
| Basic (Electricity, Heating, Cooling, Water, Garbage) for 60m2 Apartment | 18.42$ |
| Mobile Phone Monthly Plan with Calls and 10GB+ Data | 5.90$ |
| Internet (60 Mbps or More, Unlimited Data, Cable/ADSL) | 7.49$ |
Moving to Egypt offers the opportunity for a fresh start in a stunning and historically rich country. Notably, the cost of living in Egypt is remarkably lower compared to the United Kingdom and the United States. As of 2022, it was found to be around 86.3% lower than the UK and 65% lower than the US. This includes various expenses such as rent in major cities like Cairo and Alexandria, as well as everyday items.
Despite the significantly lower cost of living, it’s essential to consider the income aspect. In Egypt, the average salary tends to be much lower than in Western countries. In 2021, the GDP per capita was only about US$3,898.52. Even skilled workers earn relatively modest salaries, with high-skilled individuals at the top end earning around US$147 or EGP3,640 monthly, and low-skilled workers earning about US$89 or EGP2,200.
While expats in Egypt may earn less than in their home countries, the substantially lower cost of living enables them to enjoy a comfortable lifestyle without financial strain.
| Average Monthly Net Salary | $123.69 (Numbeo 2024) |
| GDP per capita | $4261 (Expected to Reach) |
| Human Freedom index | Egypt is rated as Not Free in Freedom in the World in 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 72.69 Years |
| English Speaking % | 32,101,325 or 39.98% (2023) |
| Population | 113.99 M (2024) |
The average post-tax salary in Egypt stands at $123.69, which is only sufficient to cover living expenses for 0.4 months.
The fact that living in Egypt costs more than the average salary can be attributed to the country’s adherence to a developed lifestyle as a standard. This reference point is challenging to maintain in some of the least developed countries, resulting in significantly higher living expenses for both locals and expatriates in Egypt.
| Item | Price |
| Milk (regular), (1 litre) | 0.80$ |
| Loaf of Fresh White Bread (500g) | 0.58$ |
| Rice (white), (1kg) | 0.73$ |
| Eggs (regular) (12) | 1.33$ |
| Local Cheese (1kg) | 3.22$ |
| Chicken Fillets (1kg) | 4.24$ |
| Beef Round (1kg) (or Equivalent Back Leg Red Meat) | 8.15$ |
| Apples (1kg) | 1.27$ |
| Banana (1kg) | 0.45$ |
| Oranges (1kg) | 0.36$ |
| Tomato (1kg) | 0.33$ |
| Potato (1kg) | 0.36$ |
| Onion (1kg) | 0.62$ |
| Lettuce (1 head) | 0.20$ |
| Water (1.5 litre bottle) | 0.17$ |
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The Impact of Egypt’s Cost of Living Crisis
Egypt’s economy has faced significant challenges in recent years, exacerbating the pre-existing issue of poverty. Even before the COVID-19 pandemic struck, the poverty rate in 2019 stood at a staggering 60%. However, the pandemic further battered Egypt’s economy as investors withdrew, forcing the country to rely heavily on loans.
This reliance on loans has led to a concerning situation where each Egyptian citizen is estimated to have inherited a personal debt of approximately US$900. While official figures are pending, experts fear this could elevate Egypt’s poverty rate by 5.5–12% soon.
For residents of Egypt, these economic woes translate into an inevitable increase in living expenses in the coming months. Egypt’s primary focus now is damage control, aiming to stabilise its economy before contemplating growth. Expatriates considering a move to Egypt should brace themselves for potentially higher living costs and plan accordingly.
The recent Russian invasion of Ukraine also shook Egypt’s economy, causing its currency to plummet against the US dollar. To mitigate the fallout, Egypt sought a fourth bailout from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). This dependence on imports from both Russia and Ukraine, particularly in grain (amounting to US$1 billion annually), puts Egypt in a vulnerable position. Consequently, the Egyptian government has opted for neutrality in the conflict.
The repercussions of these economic tremors are palpable throughout Egypt. Inflation surged from 5.9% in January to a staggering 18.7% in November 2022. Predictions of an impending food crisis loom, alongside anticipated spikes in medical treatment costs. The government has responded by cutting subsidies for utilities, energy, and fuel, while also implementing new VAT measures to recuperate losses.
Despite these challenges, expatriates with stable incomes are relatively well-positioned to navigate the storm. Additionally, newcomers to Egypt can still benefit from a comparatively lower cost of living than many other countries, offering a potential silver lining amid the economic turbulence.
Cost of Buying Property in Egypt
When it comes to buying property in Egypt, there are several considerations to keep in mind. One notable challenge is the lack of regulation among Egyptian real estate agents. Consequently, it’s crucial to enlist the services of a lawyer to guide you through the process. They first verify the agent’s credentials, then conduct land registry checks, handle conveyancing, and ensure all necessary taxes are paid.
However, these legal services come at a cost. On average, buyers can expect to spend around 3% of the property’s value on legal fees. Additionally, there’s a registration fee of US$80 or EGP2,000 and a stamp duty of 0.3% to account for.
In terms of property prices, as of 2022, the average cost per square metre in the Cairo region was US$1,029 or EGP25,419. Therefore, for a typical 3-bedroom property in Cairo, the total cost would amount to around US$200,000.
Going through the process of purchasing property in Egypt requires careful attention to legalities and associated expenses. By partnering with a reliable lawyer, buyers can ensure a smoother transaction and peace of mind throughout the process.
Challenges of Buying Property in Egypt
Purchasing property in Egypt as an expat comes with its share of challenges. One primary consideration is the need to engage a lawyer early in the property search process. This is essential for vetting both the developer and the real estate agent to ensure credibility and legality.
Moreover, it’s important to note that foreign nationals are restricted from buying non-residential buildings or agricultural land in Egypt. However, there may be a workaround by establishing an Egyptian company through which such purchases can be made.
Guidelines from the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office underscore the importance of caution. They advise against transferring money until independent legal advice is sought and recommend using secure bank transfers for payments.
Additionally, they recommend:
- Obtaining bilingual copies of all documentation.
- Thoroughly checking all documents to ensure sole ownership of the property.
- Opting for payment in instalments if buying off-plan, with the final payment due upon completion of the building.
- Ensuring the seller possesses legal ownership of both the building and the land before making any payments.
By adhering to these precautions and seeking legal counsel, expats can mitigate potential risks and navigate the property acquisition process more effectively in Egypt.
Cost of Transportation in Egypt
Transportation in Egypt offers expats an array of convenient options at affordable prices. Cairo boasts an extensive metro system comprising 74 stations, with ongoing efforts to introduce a second metro system in Alexandria.
| Transportation Cost | Price |
| One-way Ticket (Local Transport) | 0.21$ |
| Monthly Pass (Regular Price) | 6.40$ |
| Taxi Start (Normal Tariff) | 0.32$ |
| Taxi 1 km (Normal Tariff) | 0.26$ |
| Taxi 1 hour Waiting (Normal Tariff) | 1.07$ |
| Gasoline (1 litre) | 0.26$ |
| Volkswagen Golf 1.4tsi Trendline (or equivalent new car) | 31,985.26$ |
| Toyota Corolla Sedan 1.6l 97kw Comfort (or equivalent new car) | 25,884.37$ |
Both Cairo and Alexandria feature well-maintained roads and highways, facilitating smooth travel within cities and between them. While many residents prefer commuting by car, buses provide another accessible mode of transportation. Expats can choose from various bus options, including standard buses, private mini-buses, or air-conditioned buses operated by the Cairo Transportation Authority (CTA), albeit at a slightly higher fare.
Despite the options available, the cost of public transport remains remarkably low, alleviating concerns about transportation expenses impacting the overall cost of living in Egypt. Whether opting for the metro, buses, or private vehicles, expats can navigate the country affordably and efficiently.
Cost of Medical Expenses in Egypt
Healthcare in Egypt offers a blend of affordability and accessibility, though quality varies across the public and private sectors. While public healthcare is largely free of charge, it is often marred by subpar facilities, lengthy wait times, and outdated equipment, prompting many individuals to turn to private healthcare options.
Despite the shortcomings of the public system, private healthcare in Egypt remains affordable and provides access to higher-quality services. With healthcare spending steadily increasing over the years, private hospitals offer modern facilities and treatments at reasonable prices. Approximately three-quarters of medical procedures in Egypt are financed out-of-pocket, reflecting the widespread preference for private healthcare.
Expats and locals alike can leverage private health insurance to access comprehensive coverage for major treatments such as cancer care, maternity services, and in-patient hospital stays. Additionally, international health insurance policies may include provisions for medical evacuations and mental health care, catering to the diverse needs of individuals living in Egypt.
Cost of Education in Egypt
Education in Egypt encompasses a range of options, from free state education to private and international schooling. While Egypt’s education system is regarded as one of the best in Africa, it ranks lower globally, standing at 102nd in the UNESCO Education Index of 2018. Nevertheless, the government has demonstrated a commitment to enhancing education, investing 12% of annual spending in this sector as of 2020.
Egypt’s education system comprises three levels: basic (4–14 years), secondary (15–17 years), and higher education, with an additional Al-Azhar System catering to Muslim students. The majority of schools in Egypt conduct lessons in Arabic.
To ensure quality education for their children, many expats opt for private or international schools. Cairo alone boasts 85 international schools, with an additional 18 in Alexandria. These schools offer various educational systems from around the world, including British, French, American, Dutch, German, and IB systems.
While state education is free, the cost of international schooling varies depending on factors like the child’s age, boarding requirements, and the chosen educational system. Fees for international schools in Cairo range from US$1,800 to US$13,000 per year.
When it comes to higher education, Egyptian universities are not widely recognized globally, with only one university, The American University in Cairo, ranking in the Top 500 according to the QS World University Rankings 2022. Consequently, many Egyptian students opt to study abroad. For those interested in pursuing higher education within Egypt, tuition fees typically range from US$1,000 to US$6,000 per year.
Despite the limitations in higher education recognition, Egypt offers a diverse educational landscape catering to various preferences and budgets. Expats navigating the education system can choose between free state education or investing in private or international schooling for their children, while students seeking higher education options can explore both local and overseas opportunities.
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Practical Budgeting Tips for Financial Success in Egypt
Living and working as an expatriate in Egypt promises a comfortable lifestyle owing to its low cost of living. However, with inflation on the rise, managing expenses can pose a challenge.
Here are some essential tips to help expats navigate the evolving financial landscape while enjoying a high quality of life in Egypt. By incorporating these strategies into their financial planning, expats in Egypt can optimise their budgeting efforts and ensure a sustainable and fulfilling lifestyle while adjusting to the evolving cost of living.
- Understand Your Take-Home Pay: Despite lucrative salary offers, expats must account for taxes, as personal income tax in Egypt follows a tiered structure. Knowing the net income after taxes is crucial for setting a realistic budget.
- Budget for Housing Expenses: Rent or mortgage payments typically constitute the largest monthly expenditure. It’s essential to select accommodation within budgetary constraints and ensure that take-home pay adequately covers these costs.
- Calculate Monthly Bills: As the cost of living escalates, expenses like groceries and utilities may increase. Anticipating monthly bills in advance and setting aside funds accordingly can prevent financial strain.
- Establish a Monthly Budget: Once all expenses are accounted for, establishing a monthly budget provides financial security. Despite rising costs, expats in Egypt can maintain a relatively high standard of living.
- Monitor Discretionary Spending: While it’s important to cover essential expenses, keeping track of discretionary spending on non-essential items such as dining out, entertainment, and shopping can help prevent overspending. Setting limits on these expenditures within the monthly budget ensures financial stability.
- Take Advantage of Cost-Saving Opportunities: Explore cost-saving opportunities such as discounts, promotions, and loyalty programs offered by local businesses and retailers. Being savvy about where and when to make purchases can help stretch the budget further without sacrificing quality of life.
- Prioritise Savings and Emergency Funds: Allocating a portion of income towards savings and emergency funds provides a financial safety net in case of unexpected expenses or emergencies. Building up savings over time ensures stability and peace of mind, even amidst economic uncertainties.
- Consider Alternative Transportation Options: While public transportation in Egypt is affordable, expats may also explore alternative transportation options such as cycling, carpooling, or ridesharing services to further reduce transportation costs. Assessing the most cost-effective mode of transportation based on individual needs and preferences can lead to significant savings.
- Seek Financial Guidance: Consulting with financial advisors or seeking guidance from expat communities and forums can provide valuable insights and tips for managing finances effectively in Egypt. Sharing experiences and learning from others’ strategies can help navigate the unique financial landscape of the country.
To Sum Up
Egypt presents itself as a compelling destination for expatriates seeking new opportunities amidst a vibrant culture and rich history. Despite economic challenges, including recent fluctuations exacerbated by global events like the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, Egypt maintains its allure with a lower cost of living compared to many Western countries.
Expatriates can benefit from affordable housing, transportation, healthcare, and education options, enabling them to enjoy a comfortable lifestyle without significant financial strain. While economic uncertainties may necessitate careful budgeting and financial planning, expats can still find stability and fulfilment in Egypt.
Moreover, Egypt’s efforts to stabilise its economy and attract foreign investment offer hope for future growth and prosperity. Expatriates with stable incomes and a willingness to embrace the country’s unique opportunities and challenges are well-positioned to contribute to Egypt’s continued development while enjoying the benefits of its diverse culture and welcoming communities.
In essence, while Egypt may present challenges, it also presents boundless opportunities for expatriates seeking adventure, career growth, and a high quality of life. With resilience, resourcefulness, and an open mindset, expatriates can forge fulfilling lives in this captivating country at the crossroads of history and modernity.
